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A Personalized Medicine Approach to the Diagnosis and Management of Autism Spectrum Disorder

A Personalized Medicine Approach to the Diagnosis and Management of Autism Spectrum Disorder

Richard E Frye, Richard G Boles, Shannon Rose and Daniel Rossignol

This book is a reprint of the Special Issue A Personalized Medicine Approach to the Diagnosis and Management of Autism Spectrum Disorder that was published in JPM. This collection of articles provides the start of an overview of the current and future methods for applying a personalized medicine approach to the diagnosis, management, and treatment of autism.

2023-01-17T21:07:04+00:00Books|

Blood RNA Sequencing Indicates Upregulated BATF2 and LY6E and Downregulated ISG15 and MT2A Expression in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Voinsky, I.; Zoabi, Y.; Shomron, N.; Harel, M.; Cassuto, H.; Tam, J.; Rose, S.; Scheck, A.C.; Karim, M.A.; Frye, R.E.; Aran, A.; Gurwitz, D. Blood RNA Sequencing Indicates Upregulated BATF2 and LY6E and Downregulated ISG15 and MT2A Expression in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 9843. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23179843

2023-02-20T01:47:36+00:00Published Articles|

Central Nervous System Metabolism in Autism, Epilepsy and Developmental Delays: A Cerebrospinal Fluid Analysis

Brister D, Werner BA, Gideon G, McCarty PJ, Lane A, Burrows BT, McLees S, Adelson PD, Arango JI, Marsh W, Flores A, Pankratz MT, Ly NH, Flood M, Brown D, Carpentieri D, Jin Y, Gu H, Frye RE. Central Nervous System Metabolism in Autism, Epilepsy and Developmental Delays: A Cerebrospinal Fluid Analysis. Metabolites. 2022 Apr 20;12(5):371. doi: 10.3390/metabo12050371. PMID: 35629876; PMCID: PMC9148155.

2023-02-11T00:32:17+00:00Published Articles|

Terms & Conditions

The information provided by Dr. Richard E. Frye (“we,” “us,” or “our”) on autismprecisioncare.com, drfryemdphd.com, richardefrye.com (the “Site”} and our mobile application is for general informational purposes only. All information on the Site and our mobile application is provided in good faith, however we make no representation or warranty of any kind, express or implied, regarding the accuracy, adequacy, validity, reliability, availability, or completeness of any information on the Site or our mobile application. UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCE SHALL WE HAVE ANY LIABILITY TO YOU FOR ANY LOSS OR DAMAGE OF ANY KIND INCURREDAS A RESULT OF THE USE OF THE SITE OR OUR MOBILE APPLICATION OR RELIANCE ON ANY INFORMATION PROVIDED ON THE SITE AND OUR MOBILE APPLICATION. YOUR USE OF THE SITE AND OUR MOBILE APPLICATION AND YOUR RELIANCE ON ANY INFORMATION ON THE SITE AND OUR MOBILE APPLICATION IS SOLELY AT YOUR OWN RISK.

EXTERNAL LINKS DISCLAIMER

The Site and our mobile application may contain (or you may be sent through the Site or our mobile application} links to other websites or content belonging to or originating from third parties or links to websites and features in banners or other advertising. Such external links are not investigated, monitored, or checked for accuracy, adequacy, validity, reliability, availabilty, or completeness by us. WE DO NOT WARRANT, ENDORSE, GUARANTEE, OR ASSUME RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE ACCURACY OR RELIABILITY OF ANY INFORMATION OFFERED BY THIRD-PARTY WEBSITES LINKED THROUGH THE SITE OR ANY WEBSITE OR FEATURE LINKED IN ANY BANNER OR OTHER ADVERTISING. WE WILL NOT BE A PARTY TO OR IN ANY WAY BE RESPONSIBLE FOR MONITORING ANY TRANSACTION BETWEEN YOU AND THIRD-PARTY PROVIDERS OF PRODUCTS OR SERVICES.

PROFESSIONAL DISCLAIMER

The Site cannot and does not contain medical/health advice. The medical/health information is provided for general informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional advice. Accordingly, before taking any actions based upon such information, we encourage you to consult with the appropriate professionals. We do not provide any kind of medical/health advice. THE USE OR RELIANCE OF ANY INFORMATION CONTAINED ON THE SITE OR OUR MOBILE APPLICATION IS SOLELY AT YOUR OWN RISK.

AFFILIATES DISCLAIMER

The Site and our mobile application may contain links to affiliate websites, and we receive an affiliate commission for any purchases made by you on tile affiliate website using such links. Our affiliates include the following:

  • Autism Discovery & Treatment Foundation
  • Rossignol Medical Center
  • Neurodevelopmental Precision Medicine

TESTIMONIALS DISCLAIMER

The Site may contain testimonials by users of our products and/or services. These testimonials reflect the real-life experiences and opinions of such users. However, the experiences are personal to those particular users, and may not necessarily be representative of all users of our products and/or services. We do not claim, and you should not assume, that all users will nave the same experiences . YOUR INDIVIDUAL RESULTS MAY VARY.

The testimonials on the Site are submitted in various forms such as text, audio and/or video, and are reviewed by us before being posted. They appear on the Site verbatim as given by the users, except for the correction of grammar or typing errors. Some testimonials may have been shortened for the sake of brevity where the full testimonial contained extraneous information not relevant to the general public.

The views and opinions contained in the testimonials belong solely to the individual user and do not reflect our views and opinions. We are not affiliated with users who provide testimonials, and users are not paid or otherwise compensated for their testimonials. The testimonials on the Site are not intended, nor should they be construed, as claims that our products and/or services can be used to diagnose, treat, mitigate, cure, prevent, or otherwise be used for any disease or medical condition. No testimonials have been clinically proven or evaluated.

2023-02-12T02:52:25+00:00Website Documentation|

Transdermal Electrical Neuromodulation for Anxiety and Sleep Problems in High-Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder: Feasibility and Preliminary Findings

Foldes ST, Jensen AR, Jacobson A, Vassall S, Foldes E, Guthery A, Brown D, Levine T, Tyler WJ, Frye RE. Transdermal Electrical Neuromodulation for Anxiety and Sleep Problems in High-Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder: Feasibility and Preliminary Findings. J Pers Med. 2021 Dec 6;11(12):1307. doi: 10.3390/jpm11121307. PMID: 34945779; PMCID: PMC8704341.

2023-02-20T01:48:46+00:00Published Articles|

Mitochondrial Fatty Acid β-Oxidation and Resveratrol Effect in Fibroblasts from Patients with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Barone R, Bastin J, Djouadi F, Singh I, Karim MA, Ammanamanchi A, McCarty PJ, Delhey L, Shannon R, Casabona A, Rizzo R, Frye RE. Mitochondrial Fatty Acid β-Oxidation and Resveratrol Effect in Fibroblasts from Patients with Autism Spectrum Disorder. J Pers Med. 2021 Jun 4;11(6):510. doi: 10.3390/jpm11060510. PMID: 34199819; PMCID: PMC8229571.

2023-02-20T02:00:39+00:00Published Articles|

Randomized controlled trial of sulforaphane and metabolite discovery in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Zimmerman AW, Singh K, Connors SL, Liu H, Panjwani AA, Lee LC, Diggins E, Foley A, Melnyk S, Singh IN, James SJ, Frye RE, Fahey JW. Randomized controlled trial of sulforaphane and metabolite discovery in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Mol Autism. 2021 May 25;12(1):38. doi: 10.1186/s13229-021-00447-5. Erratum in: Mol Autism. 2021 Jun 16;12(1):44. PMID: 34034808; PMCID: PMC8146218.

2023-02-20T02:01:07+00:00Published Articles|

Evaluation of the Cunningham Panel™ in pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorder associated with streptococcal infection (PANDAS) and pediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome (PANS): Changes in antineuronal antibody titers parallel changes in patient symptoms

Shimasaki C, Frye RE, Trifiletti R, Cooperstock M, Kaplan G, Melamed I, Greenberg R, Katz A, Fier E, Kem D, Traver D, Dempsey T, Latimer ME, Cross A, Dunn JP, Bentley R, Alvarez K, Reim S, Appleman J. Evaluation of the Cunningham Panel™ in pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorder associated with streptococcal infection (PANDAS) and pediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome (PANS): Changes in antineuronal antibody titers parallel changes in patient symptoms. J Neuroimmunol. 2020 Feb 15;339:577138. doi: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2019.577138. Epub 2019 Dec 15. PMID: 31884258.

2023-02-20T02:01:43+00:00Published Articles|

Folinic acid improves verbal communication in children with autism and language impairment: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial

Frye RE, Slattery J, Delhey L, Furgerson B, Strickland T, Tippett M, Sailey A, Wynne R, Rose S, Melnyk S, Jill James S, Sequeira JM, Quadros EV. Folinic acid improves verbal communication in children with autism and language impairment: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Mol Psychiatry. 2018 Feb;23(2):247-256. doi: 10.1038/mp.2016.168. Epub 2016 Oct 18. PMID: 27752075; PMCID: PMC5794882.

2023-02-20T02:10:52+00:00Published Articles|

Patient care standards for primary mitochondrial disease: a consensus statement from the Mitochondrial Medicine Society

Parikh S, Goldstein A, Karaa A, Koenig MK, Anselm I, Brunel-Guitton C, Christodoulou J, Cohen BH, Dimmock D, Enns GM, Falk MJ, Feigenbaum A, Frye RE, Ganesh J, Griesemer D, Haas R, Horvath R, Korson M, Kruer MC, Mancuso M, McCormack S, Raboisson MJ, Reimschisel T, Salvarinova R, Saneto RP, Scaglia F, Shoffner J, Stacpoole PW, Sue CM, Tarnopolsky M, Van Karnebeek C, Wolfe LA, Cunningham ZZ, Rahman S, Chinnery PF. Patient care standards for primary mitochondrial disease: a consensus statement from the Mitochondrial Medicine Society. Genet Med. 2017 Dec;19(12):10.1038/gim.2017.107. doi: 10.1038/gim.2017.107. Epub 2017 Jul 27. PMID: 28749475; PMCID: PMC7804217.

2023-02-20T02:10:14+00:00Published Articles|

Effectiveness of methylcobalamin and folinic Acid treatment on adaptive behavior in children with autistic disorder is related to glutathione redox status

Frye RE, Melnyk S, Fuchs G, Reid T, Jernigan S, Pavliv O, Hubanks A, Gaylor DW, Walters L, James SJ. Effectiveness of methylcobalamin and folinic Acid treatment on adaptive behavior in children with autistic disorder is related to glutathione redox status. Autism Res Treat. 2013;2013:609705. doi: 10.1155/2013/609705. Epub 2013 Oct 12. PMID: 24224089; PMCID: PMC3810468.

2023-02-20T02:14:29+00:00Published Articles|

Tract-based spatial statistics reveal altered relationship between non-verbal reasoning abilities and white matter integrity in autism spectrum disorder

Ellmore TM, Li H, Xue Z, Wong ST, Frye RE. Tract-based spatial statistics reveal altered relationship between non-verbal reasoning abilities and white matter integrity in autism spectrum disorder. J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2013 Jul;19(6):723-8. doi: 10.1017/S1355617713000325. Epub 2013 Apr 8. PMID: 23561717.

2023-02-20T02:19:36+00:00Published Articles|

Synchronization between the anterior and posterior cortex determines consciousness level in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI)

Leon-Carrion J, Leon-Dominguez U, Pollonini L, Wu MH, Frye RE, Dominguez-Morales MR, Zouridakis G. Synchronization between the anterior and posterior cortex determines consciousness level in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Brain Res. 2012 Oct 2;1476:22-30. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2012.03.055. Epub 2012 Mar 29. PMID: 22534483.

2023-02-20T02:33:05+00:00Published Articles|

Network‐based analysis reveals stronger local diffusion‐based connectivity and different correlations with oral language skills in brains of children with high functioning autism spectrum disorders

Li H, Xue Z, Ellmore TM, Frye RE, Wong ST. Network-based analysis reveals stronger local diffusion-based connectivity and different correlations with oral language skills in brains of children with high functioning autism spectrum disorders. Hum Brain Mapp. 2014 Feb;35(2):396-413. doi: 10.1002/hbm.22185. Epub 2012 Sep 24. PMID: 23008187; PMCID: PMC6869619.

2023-02-20T02:20:12+00:00Published Articles|

Laterality of temporoparietal causal connectivity during the prestimulus period correlates with phonological decoding task performance in dyslexic and typical readers

Frye RE, Liederman J, McGraw Fisher J, Wu MH. Laterality of temporoparietal causal connectivity during the prestimulus period correlates with phonological decoding task performance in dyslexic and typical readers. Cereb Cortex. 2012 Aug;22(8):1923-34. doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhr265. Epub 2011 Oct 6. PMID: 21980019; PMCID: PMC3394369.

2023-02-20T02:21:19+00:00Published Articles|

Diffusion tensor quantification of the relations between microstructural and macrostructural indices of white matter and reading

Frye RE, Liederman J, Hasan KM, Lincoln A, Malmberg B, McLean J 3rd, Papanicolaou A. Diffusion tensor quantification of the relations between microstructural and macrostructural indices of white matter and reading. Hum Brain Mapp. 2011 Aug;32(8):1220-35. doi: 10.1002/hbm.21103. Epub 2010 Jul 27. PMID: 20665719; PMCID: PMC6869925.

2023-02-20T02:24:46+00:00Published Articles|

A review of research trends in physiological abnormalities in autism spectrum disorders: immune dysregulation, inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and environmental toxicant exposures

Rossignol DA, Frye RE. A review of research trends in physiological abnormalities in autism spectrum disorders: immune dysregulation, inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and environmental toxicant exposures. Mol Psychiatry. 2012 Apr;17(4):389-401. doi: 10.1038/mp.2011.165. Epub 2011 Dec 6. PMID: 22143005; PMCID: PMC3317062.

2023-02-20T02:08:23+00:00Published Articles|

Greater Pre-Stimulus Effective Connectivity from the Left Inferior Frontal Area to other Areas is Associated with Better Phonological Decoding in Dyslexic Readers

Frye RE, Wu MH, Liederman J, Fisher JM. Greater Pre-Stimulus Effective Connectivity from the Left Inferior Frontal Area to other Areas is Associated with Better Phonological Decoding in Dyslexic Readers. Front Syst Neurosci. 2010 Dec 2;4:156. doi: 10.3389/fnsys.2010.00156. PMID: 21160549; PMCID: PMC3001755.

2023-02-20T02:34:17+00:00Published Articles|

Propranolol

Propranolol

Propranolol is a blocker of beta-adrenergic receptor that acts both peripherally and centrally. Peripheral effects primarily target the autonomic nervous system where it affects primarily heart rate and blood pressure. Centrally targets include the wide spread norepinephrine circuits, including targets in the brainstem, cortex and most notably for ASD, amygdala. Propranolol has emerged as an interesting treatment for ASD that appears to improve social function

2024-07-31T03:44:42+00:00Clinical Protocols, Treatments|

Autoimmune Brain Panel

Autoimmune Brain Panel

This test measures the levels of four proteins called autoantibodies and the activity of one enzyme protein. The four autoantibodies are believed to attach to nerve cells in the brain and cause them to function abnormally while the activity of the enzyme known as CamKinase II is believe to interfere with the function of nerve cells if its activity is too high. These measurements are complicated to interpret so you should discuss them with you doctor.

2024-07-31T03:40:42+00:00Clinical Protocols, Laboratory Tests|

Mitochondrial Cheek Swab Test (MITOSWAB)

Mitochondrial Cheek Swab Test (MITOSWAB)

This test measures three activity enzyme proteins in the powerhouse of the cells in your body known as the mitochondria. The three enzyme proteins are called citrate synthase, complex I and complex IV. There will also be a measurement of the total amount of protein collected by the swab to make sure that there is enough protein for a valid measurement. The activity of the three proteins that are measures can be normal, abnormally low or abnormally high. These measurements are complicated to interpret so you should discuss them with you doctor.

2024-07-31T03:44:01+00:00Clinical Protocols, Laboratory Tests|

Folate Receptor Alpha Autoantibody Test (FRAT)

Folate Receptor Alpha Autoantibody Test (FRAT)

This test measures two proteins in the blood called autoantibodies whichinterfere with the ability of the vitamin folate to be used by the brain and other parts of the body.The two autoantibodies are called ‘blocking’ and ‘blinding’ and then each may be ‘negative’, ‘low’, ‘medium’ or ‘high.’

2024-07-31T03:42:28+00:00Clinical Protocols, Laboratory Tests|

Objective Phonological and Subjective Perceptual Characteristics of Syllables Modulate Spatiotemporal Patterns of Superior Temporal Gyrus Activity

Frye RE, Fisher JM, Witzel T, Ahlfors SP, Swank P, Liederman J, Halgren E. Objective phonological and subjective perceptual characteristics of syllables modulate spatiotemporal patterns of superior temporal gyrus activity. Neuroimage. 2008 May 1;40(4):1888-901. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.01.048. Epub 2008 Feb 14. PMID: 18356082; PMCID: PMC2443388.

2023-02-20T02:28:57+00:00Published Articles|

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